Inguinal hernia
An inguinal hernia occurs when the viscera/tissues protrude through a weak area at the groin. Inguinal (Groin) hernias are the most common type of hernia, predominant in males. There are two types of inguinal hernia in men, indirect and direct. Indirect inguinal hernia: When the hernia follows the path of testicular descent, an area of preexisting weakness since birth. It may be unilateral or bilateral. Direct inguinal hernia: This hernia does not follow the path of testicular descent and more medially located compared to indirect hernias. This is usually bilateral and occurs in adulthood.
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Umbilical hernia
This type of hernias occurs at the umbilicus (congenitally weak area). When part of the intestine or momentum (Fatty apron inside the abdomen) protrudes out through the weak spot in the abdominal wall at the belly button, the condition is called an umbilical hernia. This is commonly seen in children and adult females often after childbirth. Patients with cirrhosis liver often develop umbilical hernia due to excessive fluid accumulation inside their abdomen.
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Incisional hernia
A surgical wound that is incompletely healed causes incisional hernias. Incisional hernias can occur soon after surgery or many years later. The patient often has a bulge at or around the site of incision and this is prominent when the muscles around the bulge are strained like when the patient coughs, stands up or lifts anything. The intestine can come out through the defect and stuck within the bulge and can lead to the intestinal obstruction which leads to abdominal distension, vomiting, and obstipation (not passing flatus and stool)
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Hiatal hernia
A hiatus is a small opening in the diaphragm (a muscle that separates the chest and the abdomen) through which the esophagus passes before it reaches the stomach. When the upper part of the stomach bulges through the hiatus in the diaphragm into the chest region, the condition is called hiatal hernia. When the condition worsens, food and acid from the stomach enter into the esophagus leading to a condition called heartburn or GERD (Gastroesophageal reflux disease)
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